There is growing evidence supporting the concept of a diagnostic spectrum reaching from depression via bipolar II and bipolar I disorders to mania and of a severity spectrum from psychotic via major and minor syndromes to normal mood swings. By nature, lows in mood are more distressful than highs; as a consequence, bipolar disorders and mania/hypomania are under-reported and underdiagnosed. An early diagnosis of bipolarity is essential for correct treatment and can help reduce secondary substance use, prolong life, improve quality of life and reduce costs.
Keywords: spectrum, mania, depression, bipolar disorders, diagnosis, comorbidity, mortality