Skip to main content

Early screening for autism

Author/s
Tony Charman
Citation
Issue 4 Summer 2014
CEPiP.2014.1.47-51
Abstract

Significant progress has been made over the past two decades in the development of early screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Whilst it is possible prospectively to identify cases of ASD using screening instruments, few of the many available screening instruments have been well validated. The American Academy of Pediatrics, which advocates universal screening, and the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), which does not, make very different recommendations. It is critical that those using screening instruments in clinical practice understand how to interpret data from published studies, in particular recognising the low positive predictive value of a single administration. Clinicians should receive training in how screening information is communicated to parents. As part of ongoing surveillance, completion of early autism screening instruments can provide valuable information on potential early emerging symptoms of ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

Cite as: Cutting Edge Psychiatry in Practice 2014, 4(1):47-51; https://doi.org/10.65031/moqh1750

References

  1. Daniels AM, Mandell DS. Explaining differences in age at autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: A critical review. Autism. 2013 June 20; 18 (5): 583 -597. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361313480277
  2. Charman T, Gotham K. Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders: Lessons from research and practice. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2013 Feb 1;18(1):52-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00664.x
  3. Yirmiya N, Charman T. The prodrome of autism: early behavioral and biological signs, regression, peri- and post-natal development and genetics. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 April;51(4):432–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02214.x
  4. Johnson CP, Myers SM. Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics. 2007 Nov;120(5):1183-215.5. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2007-2361
  5. National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). Recognition, referral and diagnosis of children and young people on the autism spectrum. NICE clinical guideline 128. London: NICE; 2011.
  6. Al-Qabandi M, Gorter JW, Rosenbaum P. Early autism detection: are we ready for routine screening? Pediatrics. 2011 July;128(1):e211-7. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1881
  7. Glascoe FP. Parents’ evaluation of developmental status: how well do parents’ concerns identify children with behavioral and emotional problems? Clin Pediatrics. 2003 March;42(2):133-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280304200206
  8. Baird G, Charman T, Baron-Cohen S, Cox A, Swettenham J, Wheelwright S, Drew A. A screening instrument for autism at 18 months of age: A six-year follow-up study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000 June;39(6):694-702. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200006000-00007
  9. Baron-Cohen S, Allen J, Gillberg C. Can autism be detected at 18 months? The needle, the haystack and the CHAT. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Dec;161:839-43. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.161.6.839
  10. Chlebowski C, Robins DL, Barton ML, Fein D. Large-scale use of the modified checklist for autism in low-risk toddlers. Pediatrics. 2013 April;131(4):e1121-7. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-1525
  11. Baird G, Charman T, Pickles A, Chandler S, Loucas T. Meldrum D, Carcani-Rathwell I, Serkana D, Simonoff E. Regression, developmental trajectory and associated problems in disorders in the autism spectrum: the SNAP study. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008 Nov;38(10):1827-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0571-9
  12. Oosterling IJ, Wensing M, Swinkels SH, van der Gaag RJ, Visser JC, Dietz C, Buitelaar JK. Advancing early detection of autism spectrum disorder by applying an integrated two-stage screening approach. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2010 March; 51(3):250-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02150.x
  13. Dietz C, Willemsen-Swinkels SHN, van Daalen E, van Engeland H, Buitelaar JK. Screening for autistic spectrum disorder in children aged 14 to 15 Months. II: Population screening with the Early Screening of Autistic Traits (ESAT). Design and general findings. J Autism Dev Disord. 2006 Aug;36(6):713-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0114-1
  14. Dereu M, Warreyn P, Raymaekers R, Meirsschaut M, Pattyn G, Schietecatte I, Roeyers H. Screening for autism spectrum disorders in Flemish day-care centres with the Checklist for Early Signs of Developmental Disorders (CESDD). J Autism Dev Disord. 2010 Oct;40(10):1247-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-0984-0
  15. Robins DL, Fein D, Barton ML, Green JA. The modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: An initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2001 April;31(2):131-44. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1010738829569
  16. Kleinman JM, Robins DL, Ventola PE, Pandey J, Boorstein HC., Esser EL, Wilson LB, Rosenthal MA, Sutera S, Verbalis AD, Barton M, Hodgson S, Green J, Dumont-Mathieu T, Volkmar F, Chawarska K, Klin A, Fein D. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: A follow-up study investigating the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2008 May;38(5):827-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0450-9
  17. Robins DL. Screening for autism spectrum disorders in primary care settings. Autism. 2008 Sept;12(5):537-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361308094502
  18. Wetherby AM, Woods J, Allen L, Cleary J, Dickinson H, Lord C. Early indicators of autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life. J Autism Dev Disord. 2004 Oct;34(5):473-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-004-2544-y
  19. Wetherby AM, Brosnan-Maddox S, Peace V, Newton L. Validation of the Infant-Toddler Checklist as a broadband screener for autism spectrum disorders from 9 to 24 months of age. Autism. 2008 Sept;12(5):487-511. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361308094501